Химия Окислительно-восстановительная реакция (ОВР)

Mn⁺⁷O₄ → Mn⁺⁴O₂ → Mn⁺² → Mn⁺⁶O₄

1)   2KMnO₄ + 3Na₂SO₃ + H₂O→2MnO₂ + 3Na₂SO₄ + 2KOH

           MnO₄^- + 2 H₂O + 3e^- → MnO₂ + 4OH^-                                                         2

           SO₃^-2 + H₂O – 2e^- → SO₄^-2 + 2H⁺                                                                       3          

 2MnO₄^-+4H₂O+3SO₄^-2+3H₂O→2MnO₂+8OH^- +3SO₄^-2+6H⁺+6H₂O

2)   MnO₂ + 4HCl → Cl₂ + MnCl₂ + 2H₂O

3)   Mn⁺²Cl₂ + 2H₂O₂ + 4KOH → K₂MnO₄ + 2KCl + 4H₂O

Mn⁺² + 8OH^- - 4e^- → MnO₄^-2 + 4H₂O                              1

H₂O₂ + 2e^- → 2OH^-                                                               2

Mn⁺² + 8OH^- + 2H₂O₂ → MnO₄^-2 + 4H₂O + 4OH^-

                     4OH^-

4)   2KMnO₄+Na₂SO₃+2KOH→2K₂MnO₄+Na₂SO₄+H₂O

MnO₄^- + 1e^- → MnO₄^-2                                                      2

SO₃^-2 + 2OH^- - 2e^- → SO₄^-2 + H₂O                             1

2MnO₄^- + SO₃^-2 + 2OH^- → 2MnO₄^-2 + SO₄^-2 + H₂O

1)   2CrCl₃ + 3NaClO +10NaOH → 2Na₂CrO₄ + 9NaCl + 5H₂O

Cr⁺³ 8OH^- - 3e^- → CrO₄^-2 + 4H₂O                        2

ClO^- + H₂O + 2e^- → Cl^- + 2OH^-                             3

2Cr⁺³ + 16OH^- + 3ClO^- + 3H₂O → CrO₄^-2 + 8H₂O + 3Cl^- + 6OH^-

              10(OH)^-                                             5H₂O

2)4KClO₃ → 3KClO₄ + KCl

ClO₃^- + 6H⁺ + 6e^- → Cl^- + 3H₂O                              1

ClO₃^- + H₂O – 2e^- → ClO₄^- + 2H⁺                             3

4ClO₃^- + 6H⁺ + 3H₂O → Cl^- + 3ClO₄^- + 6H⁺ + 3H₂O

3)   6FeSO₄ + KClO₃ + 3H₂SO₄ → 3Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + KCl + 3H₂O

Fe⁺² – 1e^- → Fe⁺³                                                    6

ClO₃^- + 6H⁺ + 6e^- → Cl^- + 3H₂O                            1

6Fe⁺² + ClO₃^- + 6H⁺ → 6Fe⁺³ + Cl^- + 3H₂O

4)2ClO₂ + 2NaOH → NaClO₂ + NaClO₃ + H₂O

ClO₂ + 1e^- → ClO₂^-                                                 1

ClO₂ + 2OH^- - 1e^- → ClO₃^- + H₂O                        1

2ClO₂ + 2OH^- → ClO₂^- + ClO₃^- + H₂O

5)2KClO₃ + H₂C₂O₄ + H₂SO₄ → K₂SO₄ + 2CO₂ + 2ClO₂ + 2H₂O

ClO₃^- + 2H⁺ + 1e^- → ClO₂ + H₂O                            2

C₂O₄^-2 - 2e^- → 2CO₂                                                  1

2ClO₃^- + 4H⁺ + C₂O₄^-2 → 2ClO₂ + 2H₂O + 2CO₂

6) 2NaClO₃ + SO₂ + H₂SO₄ → 2ClO₂ + 2NaHSO₄

ClO₃^- + 2H⁺ + 1e^- → ClO₂ + H₂O                            2

SO₂ + 2H₂O – 2e^- → HSO₄^- + 3H⁺                          1

2ClO₃^- + 4H⁺ + SO₂ + 2H₂O→2ClO₂ + 2H₂O + HSO₄^- + 3H⁺

7)12KOH + 6I₂ → 10KI +2KIO₃ + 6H₂O

I₂⁰ + 2e^- → 2I^-                                                                    5

I₂⁰ + 12(OH)^- - 10e^- → 2IO₃^- + 6H₂O                             1

6I₂⁰ + 12(OH)^- → 10I^- + 2IO₃^- + 6H₂O

8)5Cl₂ + I₂ + 6H₂O → 2HIO₃ + 10HCl

I₂⁰ + 6H₂O + 10e^- → 2IO₃^- + 12H⁺                           1

Cl₂⁰ - 2e^- → 2Cl^-                                                            5

I₂⁰ + 6H₂O + 5Cl₂⁰ → 2IO₃^- + 12H⁺ 10Cl^-

9)NaClO₃ + 6NaCl + 3H₂SO₄→3Cl₂ + 3Na₂SO₄ + NaCl + 3H₂O

2Cl^- - 2e^- → Cl₂⁰                                                    3

ClO₃^- +6H⁺ +6e^- → Cl^- + 3H₂O                          1

6Cl^- + ClO₃^- + 6H⁺ → 3Cl₂⁰ + Cl^- + 3H₂O

10) 3I₂ + 10HNO₃ → 6HIO₃ + 10NO + 2H₂O

NO₃^- + 4H⁺ +3e^- → NO + 2H₂O                              10

I₂⁰ + 6H₂O -10e^- → 2IO₃^- + 12H⁺                            3

10NO₃^- + 40H⁺ + 3I₂⁰ + 18H2O → 10NO + 20H₂O + 6IO₃^- + 36H⁺

                 10H⁺                                                    2H₂O                   6H⁺

11) Br₂ + 5Cl₂ + 6H₂O → 10HCl + 2HBrO₃

Cl₂⁰ + 2e^- → 2Cl^-                                                                                                    5

Br₂ + 6H₂O – 10e^-→ 2BrO₃^- + 12H⁺                              1

5Cl₂⁰ + Br₂ +6H₂O → 10Cl^- + 2BrO₃^- + 12H⁺

12)2P₄ + 8NaOH + H₂O → 4Na₂HPO₃ + 4PH₃

     P₄ + 20OH^- -12e → 4HPO₃^2- + 8H₂O     1

        P₄ + 12H₂O + 2e→4PH₃ + 12OH^-           1

P₄ + 20OH^- +12H₂O → 4HPO₃^2- + 8H₂O + 6H₂ + 12OH^-

        8OH^-      4H₂O

13) HClO₄ + 2C_{(графит)} → HCl + 2CO₂

       ClO₄^- + 8H⁺ +8e→Cl^- + 4H₂O           1

       C + 2H₂O – 4e→CO₂ + 4H⁺            2

ClO₄^- + 8H⁺ + 2C + 4H₂O → Cl^- + 4H₂O + 2CO₂ + 8H⁺

14) 7HClO₄ + 20H₂O + 4I₂→8H₅IO₆ + 7HCl

       ClO₄^- + 8H⁺ + 8e→ Cl^- + 4H₂O             7

        I₂ + 12H₂O – 14e → 2IO₆^5- + 24H⁺     4

7ClO₄^- + 56H⁺ + 4I₂ + 48H₂O → 7Cl^- + 28H₂O + 8ClO₆^5- + 96H⁺

               7H⁺                                                                            47H⁺

15) H₂S + 8HNO₃ → H₂SO₄ + 8NO₂ +4H₂O

        H₂S + 4H₂O -8e → SO₄^2- + 10H⁺     1

            NO₃^- + 2H⁺ + e→ NO₂ + H₂O         8

H₂S + 4H₂O + 8NO₃^- + 16H⁺ → SO₄^2- + 10H⁺ + 8NO₂ + 8H₂O

                                       6H⁺                                               4H₂O

16)2FeSO₄ + 2H₂SO₄ → Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 2H₂O + SO₂

              2Fe²⁺ -2e → 2Fe³⁺                1

    SO₄^2- + 4H⁺ +2e → 2H₂O + SO₂     1

2Fe²⁺ + SO₄^2- + 4H⁺ → 2Fe³⁺ + 2H₂O + SO₂

17) 8FeSO₄ + 5H₂SO₄ → 4Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 2H₂O + H₂S

                2Fe²⁺ -2e → 2Fe³⁺                     4

  SO₄^2- + 10H⁺ + 8e → H₂S + 4H₂O          1

8Fe²⁺ + SO₄^2- + 10H⁺→ 8Fe³⁺ + H₂S + 4H₂O     

18)2KMnO₄+3Na₂SO₃+H₂O→2MnO₂+3Na₂SO₄+2KOH

      MnO₄^-+2H₂O+3e^-→MnO₂+4OH^-     2

      SO₃^2-+2OH^--2e^-→SO₄^2-+H₂O           3

2MnO₄^-+4H₂O+3SO₃^2-+6OH^-→2MnO₂+8OH^-+3SO₄^2-+3H₂O

19)MnCl₂+2H₂O₂+4KOH→K₂MnO₄+4H₂O

      Mn²⁺+8OH^—4e^-→MnO₄^2-+4H₂O     1

      H₂O₂+2e^-→2OH^-                                              2

Mn²⁺+8OH^-+2H₂O₂→MnO₄^2-+4H₂O+4OH^-

20)2KMnO₄+Na₂SO₃+2KOH→2K₂MnO₄+Na₂SO₄+H₂O

      MnO₄^-+1e^-→MnO₄^2-              2

      SO₃^2-+2OH^-→SO₄^2-+H₂O   1

2MnO₄^-+SO₃^2-+2OH^-→2MnO₄^2-+SO₄^2-+H₂O